Parables of confusion: Difference between revisions

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Parables of confusion (view source)

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|Jeremias ||Yield of the harvest symbolises eschatological overflowing of divine fullness. God brings forth triumphant end. ||Concerned with final judgment. Patience required until the harvest. ||Tree symbolises world power. “Birds of the air” is an eschatological technical term for the incorporation of the Gentiles into the people of God. ||Since no housewife would bake bread using so vast a quantity of flour, we have to do with divine realities. ||Not about complete self-surrender, but rather an experience of the splendour of the discovery that all else seems valueless compared to surpassing worth of joyful news of the kingdom. ||Eschatologically concerned with final judgment. ||“Old” are the things he had previously learnt, and the “new” his newly acquired knowledge.  
|Jeremias ||Yield of the harvest symbolises eschatological overflowing of divine fullness. God brings forth triumphant end. ||Concerned with final judgment. Patience required until the harvest. ||Tree symbolises world power. “Birds of the air” is an eschatological technical term for the incorporation of the Gentiles into the people of God. ||Since no housewife would bake bread using so vast a quantity of flour, we have to do with divine realities. ||Not about complete self-surrender, but rather an experience of the splendour of the discovery that all else seems valueless compared to surpassing worth of joyful news of the kingdom. ||Eschatologically concerned with final judgment. ||“Old” are the things he had previously learnt, and the “new” his newly acquired knowledge.  
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|Kingsbury ||Sower is Jesus and the word of the kingdom is the (Church’s) total message regarding Jesus. ||Field is the people of Israel and yet a universal field of operations is in view. Seed alludes to the Word. ||Field alludes to Israel. Man that sowed refers to Jesus. Tree a picture of a mighty empire and birds of the air is a veiled reference to Gentiles. ||Leaven viewed positively, no referent for woman, leaven or three measures of flour. ||The disciple totally commits to God’s kingly rule. ||Parable restricted to the righteous as opposed to evil in the Church. Sea symbolises the world or the nations of the world. Every kind of fish refers to all nations; “it was full” interpreted as End of the age. ||Christian is master of the house. Treasure is the heart. New and old a circumlocution for totality of revelation that God has given disciples through Jesus.
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|Kistemaker ||Sow could mean teach. ||Field belongs to Jesus. ||Mustard seed is effectively the message of salvation. Christianity has become a tree that provides shelter for people everywhere. ||Kingdom reveals its power and presence like yeast in the world. No referent for woman, leaven or three measures of flour. ||Treasure and pearl refer to Christ, and the man is the recent convert to Christianity. ||Dragnet portrays separation of fish in terms of the present. ||Apparently not viewed as a parable.
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|Lockyer ||God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit and all Christians are sowers. The full Gospel is seed and in a sense the seed is Christ. ||Christ claims ownership over the field. ||The man is the Son of Man, the field is the world and the seed is that sown on Pentecost. Tree refers to ecclesiastical and religious-political systems and birds, of the air symbolise Satan and his evil forces. ||When used figuratively, leaven always refers to sin or evil. The woman is the apostate church and the flour concerns fellowship. ||The field is the world; the man is the Son of Man who not only is Creator but also Redeemer. Treasure may be the redeemed. Pearl is the Church. ||The net is the gospel cast into the sea of all nations by disciples of Christ acting as missionaries. ||“All these things” refer to previous seven parables as a whole in their interrelationship. Scribes receive authority from Christ to teach divine truth about the kingdom during this age. Christ is Chief Scribe; treasure is the heart of the scribe. Old and new is the Law and the Gospel. Mysteries of the kingdom include prophecies of the old with added new significance.  
|Lockyer ||God, Jesus, the Holy Spirit and all Christians are sowers. The full Gospel is seed and in a sense the seed is Christ. ||Christ claims ownership over the field. ||The man is the Son of Man, the field is the world and the seed is that sown on Pentecost. Tree refers to ecclesiastical and religious-political systems and birds, of the air symbolise Satan and his evil forces. ||When used figuratively, leaven always refers to sin or evil. The woman is the apostate church and the flour concerns fellowship. ||The field is the world; the man is the Son of Man who not only is Creator but also Redeemer. Treasure may be the redeemed. Pearl is the Church. ||The net is the gospel cast into the sea of all nations by disciples of Christ acting as missionaries. ||“All these things” refer to previous seven parables as a whole in their interrelationship. Scribes receive authority from Christ to teach divine truth about the kingdom during this age. Christ is Chief Scribe; treasure is the heart of the scribe. Old and new is the Law and the Gospel. Mysteries of the kingdom include prophecies of the old with added new significance.  
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|Luz ||Word of the kingdom corresponds to the gospel of the kingdom and means the earthly Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom. ||Field is the world, not the Church. Jesus announces a universal claim for his message. The already existing reign of Christ over heaven and earth made visible through his disciples (28:16-20) ||In light of previous parable, the person who sows is understood as the Son of Man and the field as the world. Birds of the air may conceivably be Gentiles. ||Implicitly identifies the woman as the Church which is to leaven the world by uncovering the hiddenness of truth. The Church has something to do with the mustard seed sown by the Son of Man and with the leaven that is leavening. ||Human action underscored in view of the opportunity presented by the kingdom of heaven. Warning against riches. ||Connects the mission with the Church. No time factor in this parable as there is in tares of the field. Last judgment scene. ||Understanding is part of bearing fruit. New is the gospel of the kingdom and old the traditional task of the scribe. Continuity between old and new.  
|Luz ||Word of the kingdom corresponds to the gospel of the kingdom and means the earthly Jesus’ proclamation of the kingdom. ||Field is the world, not the Church. Jesus announces a universal claim for his message. The already existing reign of Christ over heaven and earth made visible through his disciples (28:16-20) ||In light of previous parable, the person who sows is understood as the Son of Man and the field as the world. Birds of the air may conceivably be Gentiles. ||Implicitly identifies the woman as the Church which is to leaven the world by uncovering the hiddenness of truth. The Church has something to do with the mustard seed sown by the Son of Man and with the leaven that is leavening. ||Human action underscored in view of the opportunity presented by the kingdom of heaven. Warning against riches. ||Connects the mission with the Church. No time factor in this parable as there is in tares of the field. Last judgment scene. ||Understanding is part of bearing fruit. New is the gospel of the kingdom and old the traditional task of the scribe. Continuity between old and new.  
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|Kingsbury ||Sower is Jesus and the word of the kingdom is the (Church’s) total message regarding Jesus. ||Field is the people of Israel and yet a universal field of operations is in view. Seed alludes to the Word. ||Field alludes to Israel. Man that sowed refers to Jesus. Tree a picture of a mighty empire and birds of the air is a veiled reference to Gentiles. ||Leaven viewed positively, no referent for woman, leaven or three measures of flour. ||The disciple totally commits to God’s kingly rule. ||Parable restricted to the righteous as opposed to evil in the Church. Sea symbolises the world or the nations of the world. Every kind of fish refers to all nations; “it was full” interpreted as End of the age. ||Christian is master of the house. Treasure is the heart. New and old a circumlocution for totality of revelation that God has given disciples through Jesus.
|MacArthur || Litaeralist BUT birds represent Gentiles  
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|Kistemaker ||Sow could mean teach. ||Field belongs to Jesus. ||Mustard seed is effectively the message of salvation. Christianity has become a tree that provides shelter for people everywhere. ||Kingdom reveals its power and presence like yeast in the world. No referent for woman, leaven or three measures of flour. ||Treasure and pearl refer to Christ, and the man is the recent convert to Christianity. ||Dragnet portrays separation of fish in terms of the present. ||Apparently not viewed as a parable.
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|Nolland ||Word of the kingdom refers to gospel of the kingdom and Jesus is the sower. ||Field is the world. ||Jesus must be the sower. No other referents. ||Woman’s action must correspond to what is happening in Jesus’ ministry. No specific referents. ||Value to the individual of discovering the kingdom of heaven. ||Filling of net plays somewhat analogous role to maturing of the crop. ||Solid possession and proper use of the old are tied up with the gaining of the new in the treasure of the kingdom of heaven.  
|Nolland ||Word of the kingdom refers to gospel of the kingdom and Jesus is the sower. ||Field is the world. ||Jesus must be the sower. No other referents. ||Woman’s action must correspond to what is happening in Jesus’ ministry. No specific referents. ||Value to the individual of discovering the kingdom of heaven. ||Filling of net plays somewhat analogous role to maturing of the crop. ||Solid possession and proper use of the old are tied up with the gaining of the new in the treasure of the kingdom of heaven.  
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