W1:Day 4: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

W1:Day 4: Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures [∞]

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures

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Objective:

Learn the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures, and design an experiment to separate a mixture using physical properties.

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Structure

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1. Launch (10 Minutes)

Video (5 Minutes):

Show an engaging video titled "Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures Explained!" The video should cover:

• Definitions and examples of elements, compounds, and mixtures.
• Differences between pure substances (elements/compounds) and mixtures.
• Physical properties used to separate mixtures, such as magnetism, filtration, and evaporation.

Socratic A/B Questions (5 Minutes):

Discuss the following A/B Socratic questions in small groups:

1. A: Are mixtures easier to separate than compounds? B: Or are compounds easier to separate because they are chemically bonded?
2. A: Should we classify matter by its physical properties? B: Or is it better to classify it by its chemical composition?
3. A: Are the methods for separating mixtures always simple? B: Or do they sometimes require advanced techniques?

Encourage students to justify their answers and debate their perspectives.

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2. 90-Minute Challenge

Main Activity:

Students will work in small groups to design and conduct an experiment to separate a mixture based on physical properties. Each group selects one of the five challenge variations.

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Challenge Variations (Choose One Per Group):

1. Salt and Sand Separation:
   • Design a process to separate a mixture of salt and sand.
   • Use filtration and evaporation techniques.
   • Document the steps and explain the reasoning for each.
2. Iron and Sulfur Separation:
   • Separate a mixture of iron filings and sulfur powder.
   • Use a magnet to extract iron.
   • Explain why magnetism works for this mixture.
3. Oil and Water Separation:
   • Design an experiment to separate oil and water.
   • Use a separating funnel or decantation.
   • Explain how density differences make this possible.
4. Sugar in Water Separation:
   • Separate sugar dissolved in water.
   • Use evaporation or crystallization techniques.
   • Explore how temperature affects the rate of separation.
5. Colored Bead Mixture:
   • Separate a mixture of colored beads based on size and color.
   • Use sieves and tweezers.
   • Explain how this models real-world separation techniques.

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3. Landing (10-15 Minutes)

Group Presentations (10 Minutes):

Each group presents their experiment, covering:

• The mixture they separated.
• The physical properties used.
• What worked well and any challenges faced.

Reflection Questions (5 Minutes):

Discuss as a class:

1. How did understanding physical properties help with separation?
2. What was the most effective method for separating your mixture?
3. How would you improve your experiment?

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Materials Required

• Mixtures for experiments:
  • Sand and salt mixture.
  • Iron filings and sulfur powder.
  • Oil and water.
  • Sugar water.
  • Colored beads.
• Filtration setup: filter paper, funnels, beakers.
• Heat source: Bunsen burner or hot plates (for evaporation).
• Magnets (for iron separation).
• Sieves and tweezers.
• Separating funnels (for oil and water).
• Labels and markers for documentation.

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Vocabulary List

1. Element: A pure substance consisting of only one type of atom.
2. Compound: A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined.
3. Mixture: A combination of substances physically blended but not chemically bonded.
4. Homogeneous Mixture: A mixture with a uniform composition throughout (e.g., saltwater).
5. Heterogeneous Mixture: A mixture with a non-uniform composition (e.g., sand and water).
6. Filtration: A method of separating solids from liquids using a filter.
7. Evaporation: A method of separating a dissolved solid from a liquid by heating.
8. Magnetism: A method of separating magnetic materials from non-magnetic ones.
9. Density: The mass per unit volume of a substance, often used in separation.
10. Decantation: A method of separating mixtures by pouring off the top layer.

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Jeopardy Questions

Category: Classification of Matter

• $100: A pure substance made of only one type of atom. (What is an element?)
• $200: A combination of substances that can be physically separated. (What is a mixture?)
• $300: A pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined. (What is a compound?)
• $400: The type of mixture where components are evenly distributed. (What is a homogeneous mixture?)

Category: Separation Techniques

• $100: The process used to separate iron from sulfur. (What is magnetism?)
• $200: The process used to separate salt from water. (What is evaporation?)
• $300: The process used to separate solids from liquids using a filter. (What is filtration?)
• $400: The technique that separates oil from water. (What is decantation or using a separating funnel?)

Category: Physical and Chemical Properties

• $100: A property that helps separate mixtures based on their weight per unit volume. (What is density?)
• $200: A property that allows magnets to attract certain metals. (What is magnetism?)
• $300: A mixture where you can see the individual components. (What is a heterogeneous mixture?)
• $400: The property that keeps oil floating on water. (What is lower density?)

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