W1:Day 4: Atomic Structure

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W1:Day 3: Atomic Structure [∞]

1. Launch (10 Minutes)

Video (5 Minutes):

Play an engaging video titled "Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Explained!" [1] [2] The video should cover:

  • Atomic structure: protons, neutrons, and electrons.
  • How atomic number defines an element.
  • The periodic table's organization: groups, periods, and element properties.
  • How patterns in the periodic table help predict properties.

Socratic A/B Questions (5 Minutes):

Discuss the following A/B Socratic questions in small groups:

  1. A: Is the atomic number the most important property of an element? B: Or is the number of electrons more important in determining behavior?
  2. A: Do elements in the same group have similar properties because of their valence electrons? B: Or are similarities more dependent on their atomic masses?
  3. A: Is the periodic table organized more by atomic number? B: Or by how elements react with each other?

Encourage groups to share a key takeaway from their discussions.

2. 90-Minute Challenge

Main Activity:

Students will work in small groups to explore atomic structure and periodic trends. Each group selects one of the following five challenge variations. At the end, groups present their findings.

Challenge Variations (Choose One Per Group):
  1. Build an Atom Model :
    • Create 3D models of atoms using materials (e.g., foam balls, clay, pipe cleaners).
    • Label protons, neutrons, and electrons and explain their roles.
    • Bonus: Build two isotopes of the same element and explain the difference.
  2. Periodic Patterns Scavenger Hunt :
    • Analyze patterns in the periodic table to predict element properties.
    • Questions to answer: Which elements are highly reactive? Which are gases at room temperature?
    • Bonus: Find two elements with similar properties and explain why.
  3. Electron Configuration Detective :
    • Write electron configurations for five elements.
    • Create Bohr or Lewis dot diagrams to visualize their structure.
    • Bonus: Predict how these elements bond with others (ionic or covalent).
  4. Periodic Table Puzzle :
    • Assemble a blank periodic table (provided as a puzzle).
    • Use clues to correctly place elements based on their properties (e.g., atomic number, group).
    • Bonus: Explain the significance of one entire group (e.g., noble gases or alkali metals).
  5. Atomic Reactivity Exploration :
    • Experiment with models to predict reactivity trends in the periodic table (e.g., reactivity of alkali metals or halogens).
    • Explain why reactivity increases or decreases down a group.
    • Bonus: Compare reactivity in two groups and identify patterns.

3. Landing (10-15 Minutes)

Group Presentations (10 Minutes):

Each group delivers a 2-minute presentation summarizing:

  • Their challenge activity and findings.
  • How atomic structure or periodic patterns helped solve their challenge.

Reflection Questions (5 Minutes):

Discuss as a class:

  1. What surprised you about the patterns in the periodic table?
  2. How do protons, neutrons, and electrons define the behavior of an atom?
  3. If you could redesign the periodic table, what would you change?

Materials Required

Launch:

  • Video: "Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Explained!" (projector or devices).

Challenges:

  • Foam balls, clay, pipe cleaners, and markers for atom models.
  • Pre-made periodic table puzzles (printed or laminated).
  • Element clue cards for scavenger hunt.
  • Worksheets for electron configurations and Lewis dot diagrams.
  • Charts showing trends in atomic radius, reactivity, and electronegativity.

Vocabulary List

  1. Atom: The basic unit of matter.
  2. Proton: Positively charged particle in the nucleus.
  3. Neutron: Neutral particle in the nucleus.
  4. Electron: Negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus.
  5. Atomic Number: Number of protons in an atom.
  6. Mass Number: Sum of protons and neutrons in an atom.
  7. Isotope: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons.
  8. Valence Electrons: Electrons in the outermost shell.
  9. Group: A vertical column in the periodic table.
  10. Period: A horizontal row in the periodic table.
  11. Reactivity: How easily an element reacts with others.
  12. Electronegativity: An atom’s ability to attract electrons.

Jeopardy Questions

Category: Atomic Structure

  • $100: The particle in an atom with a positive charge. (What is a proton?)
  • $200: The particle responsible for chemical bonding. (What is an electron?)
  • $300: The central part of an atom. (What is the nucleus?)
  • $400: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons. (What are isotopes?)

Category: The Periodic Table

  • $100: The scientist who created the first periodic table. (Who is Dmitri Mendeleev?)
  • $200: The group of elements that are inert and non-reactive. (What are noble gases?)
  • $300: The number of elements in the first period of the periodic table. (What is two?)
  • $400: The most reactive group of metals. (What are alkali metals?)

Category: Element Properties

  • $100: This property increases as you move down a group of metals. (What is reactivity?)
  • $200: This property decreases as you move left to right across a period. (What is atomic radius?)
  • $300: The term for the number of protons in an atom. (What is atomic number?)
  • $400: The ability of an atom to attract electrons. (What is electronegativity?)

Kit 1: Build an Atom Model

Materials:

  • Foam balls (various sizes for protons, neutrons, and electrons)
  • Pipe cleaners (for electron orbitals)
  • Clay (for customizable parts)
  • Toothpicks (for labeling)
  • Sticky labels or small flags
  • Presentation Cards: Index cards with prompts like:
    • "Describe the role of protons, neutrons, and electrons."
    • "Explain the difference between the isotopes you built."
  • Timer/Checklist:
    • 10 min: Choose an element.
    • 20 min: Build the 3D model.
    • 15 min: Label components and practice explanations.
    • 5 min: Assemble isotopes for the bonus challenge.
  • Reflection Sheet:
    • "What surprised you about building the atom?"
    • "What did you learn about isotopes?"

Kit 2: Periodic Patterns Scavenger Hunt

Materials:

  • Laminated periodic table with element symbols and basic properties (e.g., atomic number, state at room temperature)
  • Question cards with scavenger hunt clues (e.g., "Find the most reactive metal" or "Which element is a noble gas?")
  • Dry-erase markers
  • Presentation Cards: Prompts like:
    • "Which patterns in the periodic table stood out to you?"
    • "Explain why two elements have similar properties."
  • Timer/Checklist:
    • 10 min: Review the periodic table.
    • 20 min: Complete scavenger hunt questions.
    • 10 min: Discuss findings with your group.
    • 5 min: Prepare answers to bonus questions.
  • Reflection Sheet:
    • "What patterns did you find most interesting?"
    • "What questions do you still have about periodic trends?"

Kit 3: Electron Configuration Detective

Materials:

  • Element cards with atomic numbers (five cards per team)
  • Blank templates for Bohr and Lewis dot diagrams
  • Dry-erase markers
  • Reference sheet on electron configuration rules (e.g., Aufbau principle, Pauli exclusion principle)
  • Presentation Cards: Prompts like:
    • "What do the Bohr and Lewis diagrams reveal about bonding?"
    • "How do electron configurations predict element behavior?"
  • Timer/Checklist:
    • 15 min: Write electron configurations.
    • 20 min: Create Bohr and Lewis diagrams.
    • 10 min: Predict bonding types.
    • 5 min: Discuss bonus predictions.
  • Reflection Sheet:
    • "What did you find challenging about electron configurations?"
    • "How do diagrams help visualize atomic structure?"

Kit 4: Periodic Table Puzzle

Materials:

  • Blank periodic table (as a puzzle, laminated or cut into pieces)
  • Clue cards (e.g., "This element has an atomic number of 11 and is in Group 1.")
  • Dry-erase markers
  • Presentation Cards: Prompts like:
    • "What clues helped you assemble the periodic table?"
    • "What is the significance of the group you studied?"
  • Timer/Checklist:
    • 10 min: Sort clue cards.
    • 20 min: Assemble the puzzle.
    • 15 min: Research and explain one group (bonus).
    • 5 min: Practice your presentation.
  • Reflection Sheet:
    • "What strategies did you use to solve the puzzle?"
    • "What did you learn about the group you researched?"

Kit 5: Atomic Reactivity Exploration

Materials:

  • Model kits for demonstrating atomic structure (e.g., magnetic pieces or diagrams to simulate reactivity)
  • Chart of periodic trends (e.g., reactivity, electronegativity)
  • Question cards (e.g., "Why is potassium more reactive than lithium?")
  • Presentation Cards: Prompts like:
    • "What trends in reactivity did you observe?"
    • "Why does reactivity increase or decrease in a group?"
  • Timer/Checklist:
    • 10 min: Review periodic trends.
    • 20 min: Experiment with models.
    • 15 min: Compare trends across two groups.
    • 5 min: Prepare bonus findings.
  • Reflection Sheet:
    • "What trends in reactivity were most surprising?"
    • "How can you use this knowledge to predict element behavior?"

Additional Notes:

  • Presentation Time: Allow each group 5 minutes to present their findings to the class.
  • Teacher's Role: Circulate between groups to provide guidance and answer questions.
  • Evaluation: Assess based on creativity, accuracy, and how well groups explain their findings.
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