Kit 1: Chemistry card set

Kit 1: Chemistry card set [∞]

Everyday Item Cards

1. Soap
   • Description: A cleansing agent made from fats or oils and an alkali.
   • Common Uses: Cleaning and hygiene.
   • Chemistry Highlight: Soap molecules have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends, allowing them to remove grease and dirt.
2. Vinegar
   • Description: A liquid containing acetic acid, typically derived from fermentation.
   • Common Uses: Cooking, cleaning, and as a natural disinfectant.
   • Chemistry Highlight: Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid that reacts with bases like baking soda.
3. Batteries
   • Description: Portable sources of electrical energy stored chemically.
   • Common Uses: Powering electronic devices.
   • Chemistry Highlight: Electrochemical reactions between anode and cathode produce electric current.
4. Baking Soda
   • Description: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), a white powder.
   • Common Uses: Baking, cleaning, and deodorizing.
   • Chemistry Highlight: Reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas.
5. Nail Polish Remover
   • Description: A solvent, often containing acetone or ethyl acetate.
   • Common Uses: Removing nail polish.
   • Chemistry Highlight: Acetone (C3H6O) dissolves nail polish by breaking down its polymer structure.

---

Laminated "Mystery Chemistry Processes" Card Set

1. Rusting
   • Process: The reaction of iron with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide (Fe2O3).
   • Key Ingredients: Iron, water, oxygen.
   • Everyday Example: Rust forming on tools left outside.
2. Fermentation
   • Process: The breakdown of sugars by microorganisms to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.
   • Key Ingredients: Sugar, yeast, warmth.
   • Everyday Example: Bread rising, beer brewing.
3. Combustion
   • Process: A rapid chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen, releasing heat and light.
   • Key Ingredients: Fuel, oxygen, heat.
   • Everyday Example: Burning wood in a fireplace.
4. Photosynthesis
   • Process: Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
   • Key Ingredients: Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight.
   • Everyday Example: Green leaves producing oxygen.
5. Neutralization
   • Process: An acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt.
   • Key Ingredients: Acid, base.
   • Everyday Example: Using antacid to relieve heartburn.
6. Oxidation
   • Process: A substance loses electrons during a chemical reaction.
   • Key Ingredients: Oxygen, reactive substance.
   • Everyday Example: Apple slices turning brown when exposed to air.

---

Reference Sheet: Basic Chemistry Concepts

Chemical Reactions:

• Definition: A process where substances (reactants) are transformed into new substances (products).
• Example: H2 + O2 → H2O (formation of water).

Catalysts:

• Definition: Substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
• Example: Enzymes in biological processes.

Acids and Bases:

• Acids: Substances that donate H+ ions. Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid).
• Bases: Substances that accept H+ ions. Example: NaOH (sodium hydroxide).

pH Scale:

• Definition: A measure of acidity or alkalinity, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic). Neutral pH = 7.
• Example: Lemon juice (~2), water (7), bleach (~13).

States of Matter:

• Solid: Fixed shape and volume. Example: Ice.
• Liquid: Fixed volume, variable shape. Example: Water.
• Gas: Variable shape and volume. Example: Steam.

Types of Mixtures:

• Homogeneous: Uniform composition (e.g., saltwater).
• Heterogeneous: Non-uniform composition (e.g., sand and water).

Periodic Table:

• Definition: A chart organizing elements by atomic number, groups, and periods.
• Example: Group 1 elements are alkali metals, highly reactive with water.

Law of Conservation of Mass:

• Definition: Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
• Example: Burning wood produces ash, water vapor, and carbon dioxide, with total mass conserved.

Common Separation Techniques:

• Filtration: Separates solids from liquids (e.g., coffee brewing).
• Distillation: Separates substances based on boiling points (e.g., purifying water).
• Magnetism: Extracts magnetic materials (e.g., separating iron from sand).