Challenge: Trends in the Periodic Table

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Challenge: Trends in the Periodic Table [∞]

Day 1 – Trends in the Periodic Table

Objective

Understand periodic trends (atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization energy) and their significance in predicting element properties.

10-Minute Launch

Video (5 Minutes)

Show a short video (e.g., "Understanding Periodic Trends") that highlights:

  • What periodic trends are and why they matter.
  • Visual representations of trends across groups and periods.
  • Real-world examples of how periodic trends are used in chemistry (e.g., predicting reactivity, material properties).

Socratic Questions (A/B)

  • A: Why does atomic radius decrease across a period but increase down a group?
  • B: How might electronegativity trends help predict whether a reaction is likely to occur?
  • A: Which trend (atomic radius, electronegativity, or ionization energy) do you think is the most important for understanding reactivity, and why?
  • B: Can trends in the periodic table reveal properties of elements we haven’t discovered yet? Why or why not?

90-Minute Challenge

1. Discussion: Trends in the Periodic Table (20 Minutes)

  • Activity:
    • Discuss atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy trends across periods and groups.
    • Use a whiteboard or chart to visually show these trends.
  • Key Points to Cover:
    1. Atomic radius decreases across a period due to increasing nuclear charge pulling electrons closer.
    2. Electronegativity increases across a period but decreases down a group.
    3. Ionization energy increases across a period and decreases down a group.

2. Interactive Periodic Table Activity (30 Minutes)

  • Activity:
    • Use an interactive periodic table (physical or online tool) to explore trends.
    • Highlight specific elements and analyze their positions to predict their:
      • Atomic size.
      • Reactivity.
      • Tendency to lose/gain electrons.
  • Deliverable:
    • Each group selects three elements from different areas of the table and explains how their properties relate to periodic trends.

3. Group Activity: Predicting Properties Using Trends (40 Minutes)

  • Activity:
    • Groups receive a set of unknown elements with partial data (e.g., atomic number but not electronegativity).
    • Use periodic trends to predict missing properties, including:
      • Reactivity.
      • Likely type of bonding (ionic, covalent).
      • Metallic vs. nonmetallic behavior.
  • Variation Options:
    1. Predict the chemical properties of a set of alkali metals (e.g., reactivity with water).
    2. Analyze the properties of halogens across the group and predict their order of reactivity.
    3. Compare transition metals and predict which will act as better catalysts.
    4. Predict the behavior of metalloids based on their position relative to metals/nonmetals.
    5. Relate periodic trends to elements used in technology (e.g., semiconductors).

10–15-Minute Landing

Reflection Questions (5–10 Minutes)

  • What surprised you most about the trends in the periodic table?
  • How might understanding periodic trends help in real-world applications, like designing new materials?
  • What questions do you still have about how trends connect to reactivity or bonding?

Wrap-Up (5 Minutes)

  • Recap the key trends discussed (atomic radius, electronegativity, ionization energy).
  • Share real-world examples of how periodic trends help scientists predict unknown properties.
  • Assign the Periodic Trends Worksheet as practice.

Materials Required

For Discussion

  1. Visual Aids
    • Periodic trend charts for atomic radius, electronegativity, and ionization energy.
  2. Whiteboard/Markers or Presentation Slides
    • To explain and illustrate trends.

For Interactive Periodic Table Activity

  1. Interactive Periodic Table Tool
    • Physical poster or digital version (e.g., Ptable.com).
  2. Colored Markers or Sticky Notes
    • To highlight trends and element positions.

For Group Activity

  1. Set of Unknown Element Cards
    • Cards with partial data for elements.
  2. Periodic Table References
    • Printed tables or access to online tools for predictions.
  3. Large Sheets of Paper or Poster Boards
    • For group predictions and presentations.
  4. Markers/Colored Pencils
    • To draw trends and relationships.
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