View source for Kit 1: Chemistry card set

{{blc| Kit 1: Chemistry card set }} {{ct| Materials }}
'''Everyday Item Cards'''
# '''Soap'''
#* Description: A cleansing agent made from fats or oils and an alkali.
#* Common Uses: Cleaning and hygiene.
#* Chemistry Highlight: Soap molecules have hydrophobic and hydrophilic ends, allowing them to remove grease and dirt.
# '''Vinegar'''
#* Description: A liquid containing acetic acid, typically derived from fermentation.
#* Common Uses: Cooking, cleaning, and as a natural disinfectant.
#* Chemistry Highlight: Acetic acid (CH3COOH) is a weak acid that reacts with bases like baking soda.
# '''Batteries'''
#* Description: Portable sources of electrical energy stored chemically.
#* Common Uses: Powering electronic devices.
#* Chemistry Highlight: Electrochemical reactions between anode and cathode produce electric current.
# '''Baking Soda'''
#* Description: Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), a white powder.
#* Common Uses: Baking, cleaning, and deodorizing.
#* Chemistry Highlight: Reacts with acids to release carbon dioxide gas.
# '''Nail Polish Remover'''
#* Description: A solvent, often containing acetone or ethyl acetate.
#* Common Uses: Removing nail polish.
#* Chemistry Highlight: Acetone (C3H6O) dissolves nail polish by breaking down its polymer structure.

----'''Laminated "Mystery Chemistry Processes" Card Set'''

# '''Rusting'''
#* Process: The reaction of iron with oxygen and moisture to form iron oxide (Fe2O3).
#* Key Ingredients: Iron, water, oxygen.
#* Everyday Example: Rust forming on tools left outside.
# '''Fermentation'''
#* Process: The breakdown of sugars by microorganisms to produce alcohol and carbon dioxide.
#* Key Ingredients: Sugar, yeast, warmth.
#* Everyday Example: Bread rising, beer brewing.
# '''Combustion'''
#* Process: A rapid chemical reaction between a fuel and oxygen, releasing heat and light.
#* Key Ingredients: Fuel, oxygen, heat.
#* Everyday Example: Burning wood in a fireplace.
# '''Photosynthesis'''
#* Process: Plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
#* Key Ingredients: Carbon dioxide, water, sunlight.
#* Everyday Example: Green leaves producing oxygen.
# '''Neutralization'''
#* Process: An acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt.
#* Key Ingredients: Acid, base.
#* Everyday Example: Using antacid to relieve heartburn.
# '''Oxidation'''
#* Process: A substance loses electrons during a chemical reaction.
#* Key Ingredients: Oxygen, reactive substance.
#* Everyday Example: Apple slices turning brown when exposed to air.

----'''Reference Sheet: Basic Chemistry Concepts'''

'''Chemical Reactions:'''

* '''Definition:''' A process where substances (reactants) are transformed into new substances (products).
* '''Example:''' H2 + O2 → H2O (formation of water).

'''Catalysts:'''

* '''Definition:''' Substances that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed.
* '''Example:''' Enzymes in biological processes.

'''Acids and Bases:'''

* '''Acids:''' Substances that donate H+ ions. Example: HCl (hydrochloric acid).
* '''Bases:''' Substances that accept H+ ions. Example: NaOH (sodium hydroxide).

'''pH Scale:'''

* '''Definition:''' A measure of acidity or alkalinity, ranging from 0 (acidic) to 14 (basic). Neutral pH = 7.
* '''Example:''' Lemon juice (~2), water (7), bleach (~13).

'''States of Matter:'''

* '''Solid:''' Fixed shape and volume. Example: Ice.
* '''Liquid:''' Fixed volume, variable shape. Example: Water.
* '''Gas:''' Variable shape and volume. Example: Steam.

'''Types of Mixtures:'''

* '''Homogeneous:''' Uniform composition (e.g., saltwater).
* '''Heterogeneous:''' Non-uniform composition (e.g., sand and water).

'''Periodic Table:'''

* '''Definition:''' A chart organizing elements by atomic number, groups, and periods.
* '''Example:''' Group 1 elements are alkali metals, highly reactive with water.

'''Law of Conservation of Mass:'''

* '''Definition:''' Matter is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
* '''Example:''' Burning wood produces ash, water vapor, and carbon dioxide, with total mass conserved.

'''Common Separation Techniques:'''

* '''Filtration:''' Separates solids from liquids (e.g., coffee brewing).
* '''Distillation:''' Separates substances based on boiling points (e.g., purifying water).
* '''Magnetism:''' Extracts magnetic materials (e.g., separating iron from sand).